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Sustainable design is an approach to designing products, buildings, and systems that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout their lifecycle. This concept emerged in the late 20th century as a response to growing environmental concerns and the need for more sustainable practices in various industries. It encompasses various fields including architecture, urban planning, and product design, emphasizing the reduction of negative impacts on the environment and the promotion of health and well-being.

Key characteristics of sustainable design include energy efficiency, use of renewable resources, minimal waste production, and the creation of healthy environments. Applications of sustainable design can be seen in green building practices, eco-friendly product designs, and sustainable urban planning. For example, green buildings utilize energy-efficient lighting and HVAC systems, sustainable materials, and water-saving fixtures to reduce their environmental footprint. In product design, using recyclable materials and designing for product longevity are common practices.

Several notable works and innovators have significantly advanced sustainable design. Architect William McDonough, known for his 'Cradle to Cradle' design philosophy, emphasizes designing products with their entire lifecycle in mind, promoting materials that can be endlessly reused. The Bullitt Center in Seattle, often referred to as the greenest commercial building in the world, showcases cutting-edge sustainable design with its net-positive energy and water systems. Other innovators include companies like Patagonia, which integrates sustainability into their product design and corporate practices.

The future of sustainable design is promising, with trends pointing towards even greater innovation and integration of sustainability. Advances in technology, such as smart building systems and sustainable materials like bioplastics, are set to play a crucial role. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on circular economy principles, which focus on designing out waste and keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible. As climate change continues to drive the need for sustainable solutions, we can expect to see more comprehensive and systemic approaches to sustainable design in various sectors.